fiche Généralités sur les fonctions numériques
📅 January 15, 2024 | 👁️ Views: 551

\documentclass[landscape]{article}
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\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{mdframed}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usepackage{tikzpagenodes}
\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
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\begin{document}
% First Row
\noindent
\begin{minipage}[t][0.3\textheight][t]{0.3\textwidth}
% Top-left content
\begin{mdframed}[linecolor=part1color,style=myframe, linewidth=1pt]
\begin{center}
\section*{\textcolor{part1color}{Généralités}}
\end{center}
\hangingindent{\textcolor{red}{\textbf{Ensemble de définition:}} \(D_f=\) ensemble des valeurs
de \(x\) pour lesquels la fonction \(f\) est définie.}
\vspace*{0.2cm}
\hangingindent{Lorsque \(D_f\) est symétrique par rappor à 0:}
\hangingindent{\textcolor{red}{\textbf{Fonction paire}}: \(\forall x \in D_f: \hspace*{0.2cm}f(-x)=f(x)\) \\
la courbe \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est alors symétrique par rapport à l'axe des ordonnés.}
\hangingindent{\textcolor{red}{\textbf{Fonction impaire}}: \(\forall x \in D_f: \hspace*{0.2cm}f(-x)=-f(x)\) \\
la courbe \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est alors symétrique par rapport à l'origine \(O\)}
\end{mdframed}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t][0.3\textheight][t]{0.3\textwidth}
% Top-center content
\begin{mdframed}[style=myframe, linecolor=part4color, linewidth=1pt]
\begin{center}
\section*{\textcolor{part4color}{Fonction cube}}
\end{center}
\vspace*{-0.35cm}
\hangingindent{La fonction cube est définie sur \(\mathbb{R}\) par \(f(x)= x^3\)}
\vspace*{-0.75cm}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\vspace*{0.5cm}
\hangingindent{La fonction cube est \textbf{croissante} sur \(\mathbb{R}\) }
\hangingindent{Si \(x>0\), \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est orientée vers le haut, \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est \textbf{convexe}}
\hangingindent{Si \(x<0\), \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est orientée vers le bas, \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est \textbf{concave}}
\hangindent=1em
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[->] (-2,0) -- (1.5,0) node[below] {$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-1.5) -- (0,2) node[below left] {$y$};
\draw[domain=-1.2:1.2,smooth,variable=\x,blue] plot ({\x},{\x^3});
\draw[arrow] (1.5,-1.5) -- (0,0) node[pos=0.3, below, sloped] {\tiny{point d'inflexion}};
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\hfill
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% Top-right content
\begin{mdframed}[style=myframe, linecolor=part5color, linewidth=1pt]
\begin{center}
\section*{\textcolor{part5color}{Fonction racine carrée}}
\end{center}
\hangingindent{La fonction racine carrée est définie sur \(\mathbb{R}^{+}\) par \(f(x)= \sqrt{x}\)}
\hangingindent{La fonction \textcolor{red}{racine carrée est croissante} sur \([0,+\infty[\) }
\hangingindent{la courble\(\mathscr{C}_f\) est une demi parabole d'axe \([Ox)\) et d'origine \(O\)}
\vspace*{-0.5cm}
\begin{center}
\hspace*{0.5cm}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[->] (-0.2,0) -- (3.5,0) node[below] {$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-0.2) -- (0,2) node[below right] {$y$};
\draw[domain=0:3,smooth,variable=\x,blue] plot ({\x},{sqrt(\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
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\noindent
% Second Row
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% Middle-left content
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\begin{center}
\section*{\textcolor{part2color}{\fontsize{10}{8}\selectfont Fonction carrée et fonction du \(2^{nd}\) degré}}
\end{center}
\hangingindent{La fonction carrée est définie sur \(\mathbb{R}\) par \(f(x)= x^2\)}
\begin{itemize}[topsep=0pt, partopsep=0pt, parsep=0pt, itemsep=0pt]
\item \(f\) est décroissante sur \(\mathbb{R}^{-}\), croissante sur \(\mathbb{R}^{+}\)
\item \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est une \textbf{parabole} d'axe \(Oy\) et sommet \(O\)
\end{itemize}
\hangingindent{Une fonction du \(2^{nd}\) degré est définie sur \(\mathbb{R}\) par:}
\hangingindent{\centering \(f(x)= a(x-\alpha)^2+\beta\)}
\begin{itemize}[topsep=0pt, partopsep=0pt, parsep=0pt, itemsep=0pt]
\item le signe de \(a\) determine les variations de \(f\)
\item \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est une \textbf{parabole} d'axe \(x=\alpha\) et de sommet \(S(\alpha,\beta)\)
\end{itemize}
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\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t][0.3\textheight][t]{0.3\textwidth}
% the ellipsis goes here
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\hfill
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% Middle-right content
\vspace*{0.5cm}
\begin{mdframed}[style=myframe, linecolor=part6color, linewidth=1pt]
\begin{center}
\section*{\textcolor{part6color}{\fontsize{10}{8}\selectfont Fonction inverse et fonction homographique}}
\end{center}
\hangingindent{La fonction inverse est définie sur \(\mathbb{R}^{*}\) par \(f(x)= \frac{1}{x}\)}
\begin{itemize}[topsep=0pt, partopsep=0pt, parsep=0pt, itemsep=0pt]
\item \(f\) est \textbf{décroissante} sur \(\mathbb{R}^{*}_{-}\) et \(\mathbb{R}^{*}_{+}\)
\item \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est une \textbf{hyperbole} de centre \(O\) dont les asymptotes sont les axes du repère
\end{itemize}
\hangingindent{Une fonction homographique est définie sur \(\mathbb{R}-\{\alpha\} \)
par \(f(x)= \frac{\lambda}{x-\alpha}+\beta\)}
\vspace*{0.2cm}
\begin{itemize}[topsep=0pt, partopsep=0pt, parsep=0pt, itemsep=0pt]
\item le signe de \(\lambda\) determine les variations de \(f\)
\item \(\mathscr{C}_f\) est une \textbf{hyperbole} de centre \(\Omega(\alpha,\beta)\)
dont les asymptotes sont les droites \(x=\alpha\) et \(y=\beta\)
\end{itemize}
\end{mdframed}
\end{minipage}
\vspace*{-1cm}
\noindent
% Third Row
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% Bottom-left content
\vspace*{0.5cm}
\begin{mdframed}[style=myframe, linecolor=part3color, linewidth=1pt]
\begin{center}
\section*{\textcolor{part3color}{Fonction du \(2^{nd}\) degré}}
\end{center}
\hangingindent{Représentation des fonctions : \(f(x)= a(x-\alpha)^2+\beta\)}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.75]
% Parabole vers le haut (a > 0)
\draw[->] (-2.5,0) -- (1,0) node[below] {$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-1) -- (0,4) node[left] {$y$};
\draw[domain=-2.5:0.5,smooth,variable=\x,blue] plot ({\x},{1.5*(\x+1)^2+1 });
\filldraw (-1,1) circle (2pt) node[below left] {S};
\draw[dashed] (-1,-1) -- (-1,3);
\draw[dashed] (-3,1) -- (0.5,1);
\fill (-1,0) circle (1pt) node[below left] {$\alpha$};
\fill (0,1) circle (1pt) node[above right] {$\beta$};
\node at (-1,3.5) {a > 0};
% Parabole vers le bas (a < 0)
\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
\draw[->] (-2.5,0) -- (0.75,0) node[below] {$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-2) -- (0,3) node[left] {$y$};
\draw[domain=-2.5:0.5,smooth,variable=\x,blue] plot ({\x},{-1.5*(\x+1)^2+1 });
\filldraw (-1,1) circle (2pt) node[above right] {S};
\draw[dashed] (-1,-1) -- (-1,3);
\draw[dashed] (-2.5,1) -- (0.5,1);
\fill (-1,0) circle (1pt) node[below left] {$\alpha$};
\fill (0,1) circle (1pt) node[above right] {$\beta$};
\node at (-1,-1.5) {a < 0};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t][0.3\textheight][t]{0.3\textwidth}
% Bottom-center content
\vspace*{0.5cm}
\begin{mdframed}[style=myframe, linecolor=part7color, linewidth=1pt]
\begin{center}
\section*{\textcolor{part7color}{Fonctions carrée, inverse et racine carrée}}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.95]
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\draw[->] (0,-0.5) -- (0,5) node[left] {$y$};
\draw[domain=0:2.3,smooth,variable=\x,blue] plot ({\x},{\x^2});
\draw[domain=0:4.5,smooth,variable=\x,red] plot ({\x},{sqrt(\x)});
\draw[domain=0.2:4.5,smooth,variable=\x,green] plot ({\x},{1/\x});
\draw[domain=0:4.5,smooth,variable=\x,black,thick] plot ({\x},{\x});
\draw[dashed] (0,1) -- (1,1) -- (1,0) ;
\node[above right] at (1,0) {1};
\node[above left] at (0,1) {1};
\node[below left] at (0,0) {\tiny{O}};
\node[above right] at (4,0.3) {\(\frac{1}{x}\)};
\node[above right] at (1.5,4.5) {\(x^2\)};
\node[above right] at (4,4.3) {\(x\)};
\node[above right] at (3.75,2) {\(\sqrt{x}\)};
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\end{center}
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\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t][0.3\textheight][t]{0.3\textwidth}
% Bottom-right content
\vspace*{1.5cm}
\begin{mdframed}[style=myframe, linecolor=part8color, linewidth=1pt]
\begin{center}
\section*{\textcolor{part8color}{Fonctions homographiques}}
\end{center}
\hangingindent{Représentation des fonctions : \(f(x)= \frac{\lambda}{x-\alpha}+\beta\)}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\draw[->] (-3,0) -- (2.5,0) node[below] {$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-2) -- (0,4) node[right] {$y$};
\draw[domain=-0.75:2.5,smooth,variable=\x,blue] plot ({\x},{1/(\x+1)+1});
\draw[domain=-3.5:-1.3,smooth,variable=\x,blue] plot ({\x},{1/(\x+1)+1});
\draw[dashed] (-1,-2) -- (-1,4.5) ;
\draw[dashed] (-3.5,1) -- (2,1) ;
\node[above left] at (-1,1) {\(\Omega\)};
\node[above right] at (0,1) {\fontsize{5}{4}\selectfont{\textbf{\(\beta\)}}};
\node[below right] at (-1,0) {\fontsize{5}{4}\selectfont{\textbf{\(\alpha\)}}};
\node at (1,-2.5) {\(\lambda>0\)};
\begin{scope}[xshift=8cm]
\draw[->] (-3,0) -- (2.5,0) node[below] {$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-2) -- (0,3) node[left] {$y$};
\draw[domain=-0.75:2.5,smooth,variable=\x,red] plot ({\x},{-1/(\x+1)+1});
\draw[domain=-4:-1.3,smooth,variable=\x,red] plot ({\x},{-1/(\x+1)+1});
\draw[dashed] (-1,-2) -- (-1,4.5) ;
\draw[dashed] (-3.5,1) -- (2,1) ;
\node[above left] at (-1,1) {\(\Omega\)};
\node[above right] at (0,1) {\fontsize{5}{4}\selectfont{\textbf{\(\beta\)}}};
\node[below left] at (-1,0) {\fontsize{5}{4}\selectfont{\textbf{\(\alpha\)}}};
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{\vspace*{0.5cm}\Huge{Autres fonctions} \\
\vspace*{-0.25cm} \fontsize{11}{10}\selectfont{\textcolor{blue}{\mylink}} \\
\vspace*{0.3cm} \Huge{élémentaires}};
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\end{document}
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